monarchy- ruled by a king or queen
oligarchy- when a city state is ruled by the wealthy
tyranny- self proclaimed leader
democracy - in ancient  Greece a form of government in which all adult male citizens were entitled to take par in decision making
triremes -  massive fighting vessels helots people who are forced for landowners in Sparta
agean sea
Ionian sea
creet
Peloponnese
metaterainean means middle of the earth

Citizens and communities: the Greek city-states

Tribal communities of the dark ages began to develop into city - states

Acropolis – the high fortified citadel and religious center of ancient Greek town

City states and citizens the notion of citizen precipitation seems to have originated partly in geography

Athenian owl – a slang term for the name of the tetra drachma in the picture in 51because the owl the sacred bird of Athena the goddess herself wears a warriors helmet

Hoplite – a heavy armed and armored citizen – soldier of ancient Greece

Phalanx – a unit of several hundred hoplite who closed ranks by joining shields when approaching the enemy

Monarchy – a state on which supreme power is held by a single usually hereditary ruler

Oligarchy – a state in which supreme power is held by a small group

Triremes – massive fighting vessels with three banks of oars used to ram or board enemy ships

Tyranny – rule by a self-proclaimed dictator

Democracy – in ancient Greece a form of government in which all adult male citizens were entitled to take part in decision making.

Sparta: the military ideal

The Spartans were the descendants of Greeks who had conquered part of the southern mainland

Helots – noncitizens forced to work for landholders in the ancient city-state of Sparta

A winner in the heraean games this bronze statuette of a female runner is looking backward

Aristocrats – members of prominent a long-established Athenian families

Ostracism – banishment for ten years by majority vote for Athenian assemble

Athens: freedom and power

To the Athenians the Spartans life was not was not worth living.

2/21/14 blog

3500 bc some are organized enough to construct to megaliths massive rough - cut Stonehenge each stacked and circled and aligned to the movement of the sun and moon

from 2500 bc indo European nomads migrate from the steppes in eastern Europe language would evolve into Greek and Latin
their loves centered around strength and courage comradeships and loyalty contest and battle

thinner populations that Egypt or Mesopotamia they formed tribe social and political unit consisting of communities held together by common interests traditions and real or mythical ties of kinship

tribes were hedged by powerful hereditary chieftains, thought of as kings
this is how Europe cam to be populated by speakers of indo European
languages who were skilled in farming metalworking trade and warfare
no cities no written records no fixed structures of government
they were barbarians
they adopted the way of life of those they encountered and as they travels
thus is how civilization eventually spread thought Europe
the distinctive civilization the Greeks developed is the first that counts as definitely western

3/4 mountain covered
1,400 islands in the Aegean and Ionian seas
location shaped its culture
became skilled sailors
poor natural resources
difficult to unite the ancient Greeks because of the terrain; developed small independent communities
only 20% is suitable for farming
fertile valleys cove 1/4 of the peninsula
because of the geo the Greek diet consists of grains grapes olives
lack of resources most likely led to Greek colonization
tem ranges from 48 in the winter to 80 in the summer

Greeks began as barbarians they began to migrate about 2000 bc to Asia and Egypt

Barbarians a term used to describe a way of life

3500bc megalithic structures constructed

2500bc nomads from steppes migrate into Europe

2200bc Minoan civilization takes root

1600bc Greek fortified settlements

Megaliths massive rough cut stones used to construct monuments

Tribe a social and political unit consisting of a group of communities held together

Stonehenge most famous megalithic structure built

 The Egyptians came up with many great inventions. They came up with some major inventions that we still use today like the sail. They also came up with a irrigation system. And the most important thing they made was a written language. The pyramids did many things for the ancient people. They where built for the pharaoh. They were massive tombs for when they died. The shape of them had significance it was to point the pharaoh's spirit to the heavens. The pyramids used to be covers in marble but overtime it has been stolen.

 

                               

Social hierarchy was very important to ancient Egyptians. It meant everything to them. At the very top of the hierarchy was the pharaoh. He was considered to be a god. There was very few woman pharaohs in ancient Egyptian history. Right below the pharaoh was the noble’s government officials and the priest. At this time priest and government officials where the same thing. The nobles where just people with a lot of money they did not do much other than that. After the priest and nobles are the soldiers. The soldiers are divided into two groups the chariot riders and the ground people. The people on the chariots are higher up then the people on the ground. After the solders on the hierarchy is the scribes. The scribes are the people that wrote things down. They would write down things like taxes and about historical things. After the scribes on the list where the merchants. They were people that would trade goods. They would make things or go to distant places and get things there and bring them back to sell. The group that is next are artisans these are the people that are artistic. These people create for a living they could be painters or they could be people that make clothing.  They make things and they would sell them to the merchants. Next are the farmers. Their name is self-explanatory. They are the people that will grow crops or they could raise animals. And the very bottom group is the slaves and servants. This group surprised me because they were not treated as bad as I thought they would have been. In America we treated our slaves ten times worst then they treated there slaves. I’m not saying that slavery is bad it is very bad but it was surprised I would have thought that Egypt would have treated them worst.

If there was no Nile there would not have been an Egypt. Everything there is based around the Nile. Even modern day Egypt is based around the Nile. The ancient Egyptians would use if for their crops mainly. They made a system to water there crops. Without water you cannot grow so that is why life flourished there. Another thing they used the Nile was for transportation. Because they had the Nile that is why they made the sail boat. So they could use the Nile for transportation. They would follow the river north. Then they would use their sails to catch the wind. And with wind power they would travel down the stream. Another thing they used the river for is the soil. The river would flood and leave behind soil. And this soil is some of the most fertile soil in the world. Without the Nile there would be no life there at all.

Today in class we talked about ancient Egypt more. We talked about the hierarchy in ancient Egypt. It was very interesting that the slaves were not treated that bad. I would have thought that they would have treated there slaves worst than anyone else. I would have never of guessed that we in America treated our slaves worse than the ones in Egypt. Also I thought it was interesting that the religious men and the people in government where the same rank

Yesterday we learned about ancient Egypt. Ancient Egypt is one of my favorite times to Lear about. They are very interesting because I like to learn about there culture. I also like learning about how advance their civilization was. My favorite thing to learn about though is about the pharaohs about all the rituals that they have to do. I love to learn about the mummification process and about the pyramids