3500 bc some are organized enough to construct to megaliths massive rough - cut Stonehenge each stacked and circled and aligned to the movement of the sun and moon
from 2500 bc indo European nomads migrate from the steppes in eastern Europe language would evolve into Greek and Latin
their loves centered around strength and courage comradeships and loyalty contest and battle
thinner populations that Egypt or Mesopotamia they formed tribe social and political unit consisting of communities held together by common interests traditions and real or mythical ties of kinship
tribes were hedged by powerful hereditary chieftains, thought of as kings
this is how Europe cam to be populated by speakers of indo European
languages who were skilled in farming metalworking trade and warfare
no cities no written records no fixed structures of government
they were barbarians
they adopted the way of life of those they encountered and as they travels
thus is how civilization eventually spread thought Europe
the distinctive civilization the Greeks developed is the first that counts as definitely western
3/4 mountain covered
1,400 islands in the Aegean and Ionian seas
location shaped its culture
became skilled sailors
poor natural resources
difficult to unite the ancient Greeks because of the terrain; developed small independent communities
only 20% is suitable for farming
fertile valleys cove 1/4 of the peninsula
because of the geo the Greek diet consists of grains grapes olives
lack of resources most likely led to Greek colonization
tem ranges from 48 in the winter to 80 in the summer
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